What are the differences between wasps and hornets?

Wasps and hornets are both members of the Vespidae family, but there are some key differences between them:

1. Size and Appearance: Wasps: Generally smaller and slimmer than hornets. They can vary in size but are typically less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in length. Wasps can be black, brown, yellow, or metallic blue in color.
2. Hornets: Larger and more robust than most wasps. They can range from 0.75 inches (1.9 cm) to over 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length. Hornets often have a characteristic black and white or yellow striped pattern.
3. Nesting Habits: Wasps: Build nests in a variety of locations, including underground, in trees, in attics, or under eaves. Their nests are typically papery and can house several hundred to several thousand wasps, depending on the species.
4. Hornets: Build large, papery nests that are usually enclosed and can be found in trees, shrubs, or sometimes in attics or barns. Hornet nests can reach significant sizes and may contain hundreds to thousands of individuals.
5. Aggressiveness: Wasps: Can be aggressive if their nest is disturbed but generally do not seek out conflict. They can sting multiple times.
6. Hornets: Generally more aggressive and defensive of their nests. They have potent venom and can deliver painful stings. Hornets are known to aggressively defend their nests and can pursue threats over longer distances.
7. Venom: Wasps: Produce venom that contains a mixture of toxins aimed at paralyzing prey and defending against predators. Some people are allergic to wasp venom.
8. Hornets: Also produce venom that is similar to wasp venom but may have slightly different effects. Hornet stings can be particularly painful due to their larger size and potent venom.
9. Behavior: Wasps: Can be scavengers, predators, or pollinators depending on the species. They play a role in ecosystems by controlling insect populations.
10. Hornets: Predatory insects that primarily feed on other insects. They are efficient hunters and can contribute to pest control in agricultural settings.

In summary, while both wasps and hornets belong to the same family and share similarities in their biology and behavior, hornets tend to be larger, more aggressive, and build distinctively large nests compared to most types of wasps.

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